DIABETES

Diabetes is a disorder where the pancreas produces insufficient insulin. This insulin imbalance causes the body's blood sugar level to rise, and eventually causes damage to various organs in the body.

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

• Accounts for about 5% of people with diabetes
• Occurs mainly in young people, age below 20
• Caused by an inability of the pancreas to produce insulin or insufficient amount
• These people need insulin injections

Type 2 Diabetes

• About 95% of people with diabetes
• Age older than 30
• The body can't effectively use the insulin produced
• Controlled with diet, exercise, medications/insulin
• Normally linked to obesity and sedentary lifestyle

Normal Blood Glucose Levels
Normal blood glucose levels

• People who do not have diabetes

               -Fasting : 4.4 - 6.1 mmol/L
               -Non fasting : 4.4 - 8.0 mmol/L

• People who have diabetes

          -Fasting : 5.0 - 7.2 mmol/L
          - Non fasting : < 10.0 mmo/L

Sign and Symptoms of Diabetes

• Frequent urination
• Excessive thirst
• Fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
• Sudden vision changes
• Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
• Slow healing wounds

Below are the high risk peoples

• Family history of diabetes
• Overweight
• Age over 40 years old
• History of big baby
• History of diabetes during pregnancy

Complications of diabetes

• Kidney failure
• Heart disease and stroke
• Eye complications
• Nerve damage
• Limb amputation
• Impotence

Diabetes also affect your body and kidneys

• May damage small blood vessels in your body and affect your kidneys, eyes, skin, nerves, muscles, intestines and heart. High blood pressure and hardening of the arteries can develop, which can lead to heart disease.
• High blood sugar makes the kidneys work harder and results in progressive damage to small filtering units of the kidneys and leads to leakage of protein in the urine
• Diabetics are also at increased risk of urinary tract infecftions due to high sugar content in the urine.

How to prevent kidneys are affected if you are diabetes

• Carefully follow prescribed treatment ot control blood sugar
• Control blood pressure to 130/80 mmHg
• Control cholesterol level with diet and medication if necessary
• Get urine checked for protein annually
• Get blood checked for kidney function
• Treat urinary tract infections early
• Healthy diet that is high in fibre,, low fat, sodium and cholesterol
• Maintain healthy weight
• Exercise at least 30 minutes a day, at least 3 times per week
• Quit smoking

this information is for education only, any health problem please consult doctor directly